Senior Researchers Dr Grant Christopher and Alberto Muti contributed to a compendium on the non-proliferation aspect in the UK’s Integrated Review, published by King’s College London.

They argue the UK has created a tension between its nuclear strategy and fulfilment of its non-proliferation obligations. As they argue: ‘That the UK reversed a course of three-decades of reductions now means that all five NWS under the NPT – and indeed, all nine nuclear-armed states – are expanding and upgrading their nuclear arsenals and infrastructure. The impact this will have on the NPT regime is yet to be fully understood.’ Christopher and Muti observe that, although the Review itself is a document that aims to convey different messages to different audiences, the message received by non-nuclear weapons states is likely to be that the UK has created a tension between its nuclear strategy and the integrity of the international non-proliferation agenda.